1) What ideas or ideologies lead to World War I beginning?
-The allies being a safe route idea
-The military techniques that were behind the actual weapons
-Nationalism
2) Outline the specific events in 1914 that led to a World War.
-A Serbian named Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke/Crown Prince of Austro-Hungarian Empire Franz Ferdinand
-6/28~A-H (after talking w/ ally Germany) declared war on Serbia because (officially) of the assassination
-7/28~Russia (Serbian ally) entered the war to protect Serbia
-8/1~Germany (A-H ally) declared war on Russia
-8/3~Germany (A-H ally) declared war on France (Russian ally)
-8/4~Germany invaded Belgium to get to France
-8/4~Britain (Belgium ally) declared war on Germany
-8/6~A-H (German ally) declared war on Russia
-8/12~France & Britain (Russian ally) declared war on A-H
3) What advancements in technology help create massive causalities?
-Many of the countries were uneven in their level of technology
-The techniques and technology didn’t match
-Not including gas masks in equipment at beginning of war
-Leading charges against machine gun fire
4) How did the forming of alliances increase the likelihood of war?
-It forced one nation to honor it’s commitments to another. By targeting one country, you are inadvertently threatening it’s allies.
5) List the Allies and the Central Powers during the war.
| Allies | Central |
| Britain | Austria-Hungary |
| France | Germany |
| Italy | Bulgaria |
| Russia | Ottoman |
| Greece Monte Negro | |
| Serbia Japan | |
| Portugal Romania | |
6) Explain how world in Europe brought an economic boom for the United States.
-We went through Mobilization – a gathering of resources and the preparations for war
-The need for the US to supply their European allies w/ food, weapons created a new industry. This war-time industry created jobs.
7) Briefly discuss the importance of the following battles: Marne, Verdun, Somme, Gallipoli, Argonne Forest.
-Marne
-9/5-12/14
-Ally victory
-Ended Germany’s march toward Paris
-Objective: Germany wanted to capture Paris
-Verdun
-21 Feb – 18 Dec, 1914
-698,000 battlefield deaths
-French/Ally victory
-Germans attacked along Verdun river
-Objective: To capture Verdun, which area contained many forts and strongholds
-Somme
-1 July – 18 November, 1916
-500,000 dead
-1 million + casualties
-Objective: Relieve pressure on French forces in Verdun
-Captured about 7 miles into German territory, but w/ huge losses
-Considered a technical Ally victory, but the cost was so much some think it more a draw
-Gallipoli
-Fought in Gallipoli in the Ottoman Empire
-Turkish/Central victory
-Objective: Allies wanted to keep/get an effective supply route to Russia
-Argonne Forest
-US&France/Ally victory
-French & American’s joined forces
-372nd Infantry Division form 93rd Infantry Division (African-American) credited w/
-Capturing 600 enemy prisoners
-Capturing 15 heavy guns, 20 Minenwerfers, and about 150 machine guns
-Objective: To capture the train statrion at Sedan which would cut off German’s supplies to their troops in France & Belium
8) Who was the U.S. General in Command during the war?
-John J Pershing
9) Write three questions of your own based on information that you found interesting in these sections.
-How did the industrial Revolution affect the war?
-What laws/regulations/restrictions did the US put on anti-war protesters and people?
-What did Woodrow Wilson’s wife share with him while he was recovering from his stroke?
Pg. 692 questions 5-17.
5) Why did European nations form alliances?
-To increase trade and influence and to have a more powerful political position internationally.
6) Why did Zimmermann telegram push the US toward war?
-The US was outraged that Germany would promise something that the US owned to Mexico. Plus, they were neutral to Germany so it was a push in the other direction.
7) What was the Sussex Pledge?
-Germany pledged not to target passenger ships
-Not to attack merchant ships unless it is confirmed to contain war supplies
-Not to sink merchant ships w/out providing for safety and care of passengers & crew
8) Who won the presidency in the election of 1916?
-Woodrow Wilson
9) How did Russia's withdrawal affect WWI?
-The Allies need the troops to replace Russian ones
-Allowed Germans to shuffle hundreds of thousands of people from eastern front to western front (France)
10) In what ways did the war help improve conditions for American workers?
-Women now got equal pay and rights in workplace
-Rights to: 8 hour workday, extra pay for overtime, right to form unions
-Now the people couldn’t go on strike
11) Who were the leaders at the Paris Peace Conference?
-Woodrow Wilson
-David Lloyd George
-Georges Clemenceau
-Vitorio Orlando
12) What was Henry Cabot Lodge's greatest concern about the League of Nations?
-The US’s military and power would be directed by other nations
13) What advantages did airplanes provide in the war?
-They could spy on the enemy’s movements
-Allowed for bombs to be dropped accurately and easily
14) How did President Wilson use Russia's revolution in
March 1917 to gain support for the war?
-He could now claim that the Allies were fighting a war of democracy against autocracy
15) What four nations dominated the Paris Peace Conference?
-US
-UK
-France
-Italy
16)Re-create the diagram below and explain the causes of the labor shortage in the US during the war.
-Lack of able men not in the military
-A growing need for supplies and weapons
Both Equal a labor shortage
17) On a separate sheet of paper, prepare an outline of Section 5 of the text.
1. Searching for Peace
a. After the War
i. Europe Chaos
1. 27 World Leaders gather in Paris for the Peace Conference
2. European people were enthusiastic about Wilson and his visit
3. Europe was in ruins
a. Much land and farms destroyed
b. France, Russia, Germany, and A-H each lost 1-2 million people in fighting
c. Millions more were wounded
d. 50,000 US killed in battle, 60,000 from disease
e. Political turmoil
ii. Wilson’s 14 Points
1. Several were about new political/land boundaries in Europe
2. 3 concerned nation self-determination or democracy
3. Principles for conducting international trade relations
4. Last Point – League of Nation
a. The members (nations) part of this organization would help preserve peace and prevent future wars by pledging to respect and protect each others’ territory and political independence
b. Problem arose with this due to self interest between nations
b. The Peace Conference
1. The Allies dominated at PPC (Paris Peace Conference)
2. Big Wigs of Negotiations
a. US – Woodrow Wilson
b. UK – David Lloyd George
c. France – Georges Clemenceau
d. Italy – Vitorio Orlando
ii. Allies Disagree
1. Leaders weren’t excited about Wilson’s 14 pts
2. Allies, minus Wilson, especially France, wanted to punish Germany
3. Allies sent troops to Russia to support anti-Bolshevik fighters who were Communist
iii. The Treaty of Versailles
1. Germany had to accept full responsibility for the war
a. Billions of dollars in reparations to Allies
b. Had to disarm completely
c. Had to give up all overseas countries and some Euro territory
2. Treaty carved up A-H and part of Russia; however borders were a troublesome issue
3. League of Nations was accepted
c. Opposition at Home
1. America was doubtful of treaty
a. Some thought too harsh on Germany
b. Worried about participation in League of Nations
c. Wilson went to rally America for it but suffered a stroke and his wife took over
2. Treaty is Rejected
a. America instead signed individual peace treaties with each of the Central Powers
b. Never joined LN
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